Internship Research

Downs, C., Mughal, F., Shah, U., & Ryder, M. (2023). Are undergraduate internships worth the effort?
Time to reconceptualize work-based learning for building protean meta-competencies. Studies in Higher Education, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2222147

Mato-Díaz, F. J., & Escudero-Castillo, I. (2023). Lost in transition? Young graduates’ employment after internships in public and private organisations. Journal of Youth Studies, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2023.2201420

Sekiguchi, T., Mitate, Y., & Yang, Y. (2023). Internship Experience and Organizational Attractiveness: A
Realistic Job Fit Perspective. Journal of Career Development, 50(2), 353-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/08948453221094311

Di Pietro, G. (2022). International internships and skill development: A systematic review. Review of
Education, 10(2), e3363. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3363

Kim, Y. A., Kim, K. A., & Tzokas, N. (2022). Entrepreneurial universities and the effect of the types of
vocational education and internships on graduates’ employability. Studies in Higher Education, 47(5),
1000-1009. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2022.2055324

Torpey-Saboe, N., Leigh, E. W., & Clayton, D. (2022). The power of work-based learning. Strada Education Network.

Baert, S., Neyt, B. Siedler, T., Tobback, I., & Verhaest, D. (2021). Student internships and employment opportunities after graduation: A field experiment. Economics of Education Review, 83 (102141).

Bolli, T., Caves, K., & Oswald-Egg, M. E. (2021). Valuable experience: how university internships affect graduates’ income. Research in Higher Education, 62, 1198-1247.

Moss-Pech, C. (2021). The career conveyor belt: How internships lead to unequal labor market outcomes among college graduates. Qualitative Sociology, 44(1), 77-102.

Oberman, W., Hunt, I., Taylor, R. K., & Morrisette, S. (2021). Internships and occupational self-efficacy: Impact and gender differences. Journal of Education for Business, 96(7), 424-434.

Bayerlein, L. (2020). The impact of prior work-experience on student learning outcomes in simulated internships. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 17(4), 4.

Bittmann, F., & Zorn, V.S. (2020). When choice excels obligation: About the effects of mandatory and voluntary internships on labour market outcomes for university graduates. Higher Education, 80, 75–93.

Hunt, W., & Scott, P. (2020). Paid and unpaid graduate internships: Prevalence, quality and motivations at six months after graduation. Studies in Higher Education, 45(2), 464-476.

Margaryan, S., Saniter, N., Schumann, M., & Siedler, T. (2020). Do internships pay off? The effects of student internships on earnings. Journal of Human Resources, 57(4), 1242-1275.

Ocampo, A. C. G., Reyes, M. L., Chen, Y., Restubog, S. L. D., Chih, Y. Y., Chua-Garcia, L., & Guan, P. (2020). Th role of internship participation and conscientiousness in developing career adaptability: A five wave growth mixture model analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 120(103426), 1-15.

Strayhorn, T. L. (2020). Measuring the Influence of Internship Participation on Black Business Majors’ Academic Performance at Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Journal of African American Studies, 24, 573-585.

Lucero, J. E., Gallego, S., Hedgepeth, C., & Sanders, D. (2019). Structure and characteristics for successful outcomes: A review of community college internships programs. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 45(2), 103-116.

Nghia, T. L. H., & Duyen, N. T. M. (2019). Developing and validating a scale for evaluating internship-related learning outcomes. Higher Education, 77(1), 1-18.

Wesley Routon, P., & Walker, J. K. (2019). College internships, tenure gaps, and student outcomes: a multiple-treatment matching approach. Education Economics, 27(4), 383-400.

Wolniak, G. C. & Engberg, M. E. (2019). Do “high-impact” college experiences affect early career outcomes? Review of Higher Education, 42(3), 825-858.

Silva, P., Lopes, B., Costa, M., Melo, A. I., Dias, G. P., Brito, E., & Seabra, D. (2018). The million-dollar question: Can internships boost employment? Studies in Higher Education, 43(1), 2-21.

McHugh, P. P. (2017). The impact of compensation, supervision and work design on internship efficacy: Implications for educators, employers and prospective interns. Journal of Education and Work, 30(4), 367-382.

Crain, A. (2016). Understanding the impact of unpaid internships on college student career development and employment outcomes. NACE Foundation.

Parker III, E. T., Kilgo, C. A., Sheets, J. K. E., & Pascarella, E. T. (2016). The differential effects of internship participation on end-of-fourth-year GPA by demographic and institutional characteristics. Journal of College Student Development, 57(1), 104-109.

Silva, P., Lopes, B., Costa, M., Seabra, D., Melo, A. I., Brito, E., & Dias, G. P. (2016). Stairway to employment? Internships in higher education. Higher Education, 72(6), 703-721.

Binder, J. F., Baguely, T., Crook, C., & Miller, F. (2015). The academic value of internships: Benefits across disciplines and student backgrounds. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 41, 73-82.

Kilgo, C. A., Sheets, J. K. E., & Pascarella, E. T. (2015). The link between high-impact practices and student learning: Some longitudinal evidence. Higher Education, 69(4), 509-525.

Rose, P. S., Teo, S. T., & Connell, J. (2014). Converting interns into regular employees: The role of intern-supervisor exchange. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(2), 153-163.

Rigsby, JT., Addy, N., Herring, C., & Polledo, D. (2013). An examination of internships and job opportunities. Journal of Applied Business Research, 29(4), 1131–1143.

Saniter, N., & Siedler, T. (2013). Door opener or waste of time? The effects of student internships on labor market outcomes. IZA Discussion Paper No. 8141. Bonn, Germany. Institute for the Study of Labor.

Klein, M. & Weiss, F. (2011). Is forcing them worth the effort? Benefits of mandatory internships for graduates from diverse family backgrounds at labour market entry. Studies in Higher Education, 36(8), 969-987.

Callanan, G., & Benzing, C. (2004). Assessing the role of internships in the career-oriented employment of graduating college students. Education + Training, 46(2), 82–89.

Knouse, S. B., Tanner, J. R., & Harris, E. W. (1999). The relation of college internships, college performance, and subsequent job opportunity. Journal of Employment Counseling, 36(1), 35-43.

Taylor, M. S. (1988). Effects of college internships on individual participants. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73(3), 393-401.

Odlin, D., Benson-Rea, M., & Sullivan-Taylor, B. (2022). Student internships and work placements: approaches to risk management in higher education. Higher Education, 83(6), 1409-1429.

Di Meglio, G., Barge-Gil, A., Camiña, E., & Moreno, L. (2021). Knocking on employment’s door: Internships and job attainment. Higher Education, 83, 137-161.

Rogers, S. E., Miller, C. D., Flinchbaugh, C., Giddarie, M., & Barker, B. (2021). All internships are not created equal: Job design, satisfaction, and vocational development in paid and unpaid internships. Human Resource Management Review, 31(1), 100723.

Snodgrass, L. L., Hass, M. & Ghahremani, M. (2021). Developing cultural intelligence: experiential
interactions in an international internship program. Journal of Global Education and Research, 5(2) 165–
174. https://www.doi.org/10.5038/2577-509X.5.2.1078

Hora, M. T., Smolarek, B. B., Martin, K. N., & Scrivener, L. (2019). Exploring the situated and cultural aspects of communication in the professions: Implications for teaching, student employability, and equity in higher education. American Educational Research Journal, 56(6), 2221-2261.

Lucero, J. E., Gallego, S., Hedgepeth, C., & Sanders, D. (2019). Structure and characteristics for successful outcomes: A review of community college internship programs. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 45(2), 103-116.

Jackson, D. (2018). Developing graduate career readiness in Australia: Shifting from extra-curricular internships to work-integrated learning. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 19(1), 23-35.

Jung, J., & Lee, S. J. (2017). Impact of internship on job performance among university graduates in South Korea. International Journal of Chinese Education, 5(2), 250-284.

Daily, S. L. (2016). What happens before full-time employment? Internships as a mechanism of anticipatory socialization. Western Journal of Communication, 80(4), 453-480.

Maertz Jr, C. P., Stoeberl, P. A., & Marks, J. (2014). Building successful internships: lessons from the research for interns, schools, and employers. Career Development International, 19(1), 123-142.

Simons, L., Fehr, L., Blank, N., Connell, H., Georganas, D., Fernandez, D., & Peterson, V. (2012). Lessons learned from experiential learning: what do students learn from a practicum/internship? International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 24(3), 325–334.

Briel, L., & Getzel, E. (2001). Internships in higher education: Promoting success for students with disabilities. Disability Studies Quarterly, 21(1), 1-12.

Rothschild, P., & Rothschild, C. (2020). The unpaid internship: Benefits, drawbacks, and legal issues. Administrative Issues Journal: Connecting Education, Practice, and Research, 10(2), 1–17.

Curiale, J. L. (2009). America’s new glass ceiling: unpaid internships, the Fair Labor Standards Act, and the urgent need for change. Hastings LJ, 61, 1531.

Lapan, J. C., & Smith, K. N. (2023). “No Girls on the Software Team”: Internship Experiences of Women in Computer Science. Journal of Career Development, 50(1), 119-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/08948453211070842

Hora, M. T., Wolfgram, M., Huerta, A. H., Lee, C., & Gopal, A. (2022). A multilevel, agent-centered analysis of intersectionality in a Hispanic-serving institution: The case of college internship access for Latinx students. AERA Open, 8(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584221102162

Wolfgram, M., & Ahrens, V. (2022).  One internship, two internships, three internships … more!’: exploring the culture of the multiple internship economy, Journal of Education and Work, 35(2), 139-153.

Hora, M. T., Wolfgram, M., Chen, Z., & Lee, C. (2021). Closing the doors of opportunity: A field theoretic analysis of the prevalence and nature of obstacles to internships. Teachers College Record, 123(12), 180-210.

Wolfgram, M., Vivona, B., & Akram, T. (2021). On the intersectional amplification of barriers to college internships: A comparative case study analysis. Harvard Educational Review, 91(4), 457-481.

Borello, L. J. (2020). Power, access, and policy: Reflections on the Women Center Internship Program. In: Lovett K. (Ed.), Diverse pedagogical approaches to experiential learning (pp. 181-192). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42691-0_12

Silva, A. (2020). Unpaid internships and equality of opportunity: A pseudo-panel analysis of UN data. Applied Economics Letters, 28(15), 1288-1292.

Hora, M.T., Wolfgram, M. & Chen, Z. (2019). Closing the doors of opportunity: How financial, sociocultural, and institutional barriers intersect to inhibit participation in college internships. WCER Working Paper No. 2019-8. University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Terriquez, V. (2015). Dreams delayed: Barriers to degree completion among undocumented community college students. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(8), 1302–1323.

Allen, K., Quinn, J., Hollingworth, S., & Rose, A. (2013). Becoming employable students and ‘ideal’ creative workers: Exclusion and inequality in higher education work placements. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 34(3), 431-452.

Finley, A., & McNair, T. (2013). Assessing underserved students’ engagement in high-impact practices.  Association of American Colleges and Universities.

Jaeger, D. A., Nunley, J. M., Seals Jr, R. A., Shandra, C., & Wilbrandt, E. J. (2023). The demand for interns. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 209, 372-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.03.002

Spector, A. Y., & Infante, K. (2020). Community college field placement internships: Supervisors’ perspectives and recommendations. Social Work Education, 39(4), 462-480. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2019.1654990

Urquía-Grande, E., & Estébanez, R. P. (2020). Bridging the gaps between higher education and the business world: internships in a faculty of economics and business. Education+ Training, 63(3), 390-509.

Sauder, M. H., Mudrick, M., Strassle, C. G., Maitoza, R., Malcarne, B., & Evans, B. (2019). What did you expect? Divergent perceptions among internship stakeholders. Journal of Experiential Education, 42(2), 105-120.

Nunley, J. M., Pugh, A., Romero, N., & Seals, R. A. (2016). College major, internship
experience, and employment opportunities: Estimates from a résumé audit. Labour Economics, 38, 37-46.

Lin, S. H., & Chen, M. Y. (2022). Feeling capable or being flexible? Personality, cognition, and behavior: A moderated mediation of trust-in-supervisor internship. Current Psychology, 41(8), 5088-5097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00994-9

Okolie, U. C. (2022). Work placement learning and students’ readiness for school-to-work transition: Do perceived employability and faculty supervisor support matter?. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 139, 103805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103805

Shandra, C. L. (2022). Internship participation in the United States by student and school characteristics, 1994 to 2017. Socius, 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231221121058

Wolinsky-Nahmias, Y., & Auerbach, A. H. (2022). Evaluating the Design and Benefits of Internship Programs. Journal of Political Science Education, 18(4), 584-604. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2022.2109481

Thompson, M. N., Perez-Chavez, J., & Fetter, A. (2021). Internship experiences among college students attending an HBC: A longitudinal grounded theory exploration. Journal of Career Assessment, 29(4), 589-607.

Hora, M. T., Parrott, E., & Her, P. (2020). How do students conceptualise the college internship experience? Towards a student-centered approach to designing and implementing internships. Journal of Education and Work, 33(1), 48-66.

Zehr, S. and Korte, R. (2020). Student internship experiences: learning about the workplace, Education + Training, 62(3), 311-324.

Zilvinskis, J., Gillis, J., & Smith, K. K. (2020). Unpaid versus paid internships: Group membership makes the difference. Journal of College Student Development, 61(4), 510-516.

Ramani, R., & McHugh, P. (2019). Student perceptions of the value of internships and job pursuit intent: A two-country examination. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2019(1), 10172.

Jacobson, J., & Shaed, L. R. (2018). Stringtern: Springboarding or stringing along young interns’ careers? Journal of Education and Work, 31(3), 320-337.

O’Connor, H., & Bodicoat, M. (2017). Exploitation or opportunity? Student perceptions of internships in enhancing employability skills. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 38(4), 435-449.

Leonard, P., Halford, S., & Bruce, K. (2016). ‘The new degree?’ Constructing internships in the third sector. Sociology, 50(2), 383–399.

Green, B. P., Graybeal, P., & Madison, R. L. (2011). An exploratory study of the effect of professional internships on students’ perception of the importance of employment traits. Journal of Education for Business, 86(2), 100-110.

Gardner, P. (2010). A comparison of credit and non-credit internships in their expectations and the utilization of campus resources. Intern Bridge and the Collegiate Employment Research Institute, Michigan State University.

Burgstahler, S., & Bellman, S. (2009). Differences in perceived benefits of internships for subgroups of students with disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 31(3), 155-165.

D’abate, C. P., Youndt, M. A., & Wenzel, K. E. (2009). Making the most of an internship: An empirical study of internship satisfaction. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 8(4), 453-480.

Hergert, M. (2009). Student perceptions of the value of internships in business education. American Journal of Business Education, 2(8), 9-14.

Ross, C. M., & Beggs, B. A. (2007). Campus recreational sports internships: A comparison of student and employer perspectives. Recreational Sports Journal, 31(1), 3-13.

Arts & Media

Guarise, D. & Kostenblatt, J. (2018). The impact of unpaid internships on career success of liberal arts graduates. National Association of Colleges and Employers.

Martin, N. D., & Frenette, A. (2017). Lost in transition: College resources and the unequal early-career trajectories of arts alumni. American Behavioral Scientist, 61(12), 1487-1509.

Frenette, A. (2015). The Internship Divide: The Promise and Challenges of Internships in the Arts. Special Report. Bloomington, IN: Strategic National Arts Alumni Project.

Shade, L. R., & Jacobson, J. (2015). Hungry for the job: Gender, unpaid internships, and the creative industries. The Sociological Review, 63, 188-205.

Frenette, A. (2013). Making the intern economy: Role and career challenges of the music industry intern. Work and Occupations, 40(4), 364-397.

Business & Management

Hermann, R. R., Amaral, M., & Bossle, M. B. (2021). Integrating problem-based learning with international internships in business education. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 32(3–4), 202–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/08975930.2022.2033667

Blau, G., & Lopez, A. B. (2020). Exploring correlates for paid versus unpaid internships or co-ops for graduating business students. Journal of Education for Business, 95(6), 393-401.

Bist, S. S., Mehta, N., Mehta, D., & Meghrajani, I. (2020). Employers perception regarding employability skills of management students undergoing internship. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 21(2), 145-161.

Pinto, L. H., & Pereira, P. C. (2019). ‘I wish to do an internship (abroad)’: Investigating the perceived employability of domestic and international business internships. Higher Education, 78(3), 443-461.

Jackling, B., & Natoli, R. (2015). Employability skills of international accounting graduates: Internship providers’ perspectives. Education + Training, 57(7), 757-773.

Sanahuja Vélez, G., & Ribes Giner, G. (2015). Effects of business internships on students, employers, and higher education institutions: A systematic review. Journal of Employment Counseling, 52(3), 121-130.

Moghaddam, J. M. (2011). Perceived effectiveness of business internships: Student expectations, experiences, and personality traits. International Journal of Management, 28(4), 287-303.

Knouse, S. B., & Fontenot, G. (2008). Benefits of the business college internship: A research review. Journal of Employment Counseling, 45(2), 61-66.

Knemeyer, A. M., & Murphy, P. R. (2002). Logistics internships: Employer and student
perspectives. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 32(2), 135-152.

Gault, J., Redington, J., & Schlager, T. (2000). Undergraduate business internships and career success: are they related? Journal of Marketing Education, 22(1), 45-53.

Engineering

Goller, M, Harteis, C, Gijbels, D, Donche, V. (2020). Engineering students’ learning during internships: Exploring the explanatory power of the job demands-control-support model. Journal of Engineering Education, 109(2), 3017-324.

Garcia, R., & Puig, J. (2011). A model for improving the quality of student internship placements in engineering degrees. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC), 4(1), 4-11.

Doel, S. (2009). Fostering student reflection during engineering internships. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 10(3), 163-177.

Information Technology & Computer Science

Chilas, S., Marks, A., & Galloway, L. (2015). Learning to labour: An evaluation of internships and employability in the ICT sector. New Technology, Work and Employment, 30(1), 1-15.

Galloway, L., Marks, A., & Chilas, S. (2014). The use of internships to foster employability, enterprise and entrepreneurship in the IT sector. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 21(3), 653-667.

Carpenter, D. A. (2003). Meaningful information systems internships. Journal of Information Systems Education, 14(2), 201-209.

Political Science

Lucas, K. E. (2023). Internships for Credit: Linking Work Experience to Political Science Learning Objectives. Journal of Political Science Education, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2023.2219398

STEM

Ruppert, J., Ayala, J., Bamaba, C., Badiei, Y., & Wilmanski, J. (2023). ‘I didn’t know what I was doing, until I went there’: a case study exploring the range of student STEM internship experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Science Education, 45(4), 274-292. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2022.2159776

Tourism & Hospitality

Mensah, C., Azila-Gbettor, E. M., & Wireko-Gyebi, S. (2023). Mapping Hospitality and Tourism Internship Research: A Bibliometric and Integrative Review. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2023.2175689

Zopiatis, A., Papadopoulos, C., & Theofanous, Y. (2021). A systematic review of literature on hospitality internships. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 28, 100309.

Chen, T.-L., Shen, C.-C., & Gosling, M. (2018). Does employability increase with internship satisfaction? Enhanced employability and internship satisfaction in a hospitality program. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 22, 88-99.

Stansbie, P., Nash, R., & Chang, S. (2016). Linking internships and classroom learning: A case study examination of hospitality and tourism management students. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 19, 19-29.

Barnes, J. (2009). Sports management and administration internships and students with disabilities: Responsibilities and practices for success. Quest, 61(2), 191-201.

Ko, W. H. (2008). Training, satisfaction with internship programs, and confidence about future
careers among hospitality students: A case study of universities in Taiwan. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 7(4), 1-15.

Busby, G. (2003). Tourism degree internships: A longitudinal study. Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 55(3), 319-334.

Jenkins, C. M., McQueen, S., & Wiley, S. L. (2023). Zoom or Gloom: The Challenges of a Virtual Internship Experience. Journal of Political Science Education, 19(2), 307-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/15512169.2022.2148532

Reid, K., Butler, D. L., Comfort, C., & Potter, A. D. (2023). Virtual internships in open and distance learning contexts: Improving access, participation, and success for underrepresented students. Distance Education, 44(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2023.2209029

Wilson, K., Hawk, A., & Miller, M. (2023). Implementing a Hybrid Internship during the COVID-19 Pandemic. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 29(1), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/13614533.2022.2082989

AlGhamdi, R. A. (2022). Virtual internship during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring IT students satisfaction. Education and Training, 64(3), 329-346.

Baker, I., & Fitzpatrick, D. (2022). Student experiences in pre-COVID virtual internships: Integration, barriers, motivation challenges, supportive supervisors, and intern growth. American Journal of Distance Education, 36(2), 90-102.

Irwin, A., Perkins, J., Hillari, L. L., & Wischerath, D. (2022). Is the future of internships online? An examination of stakeholder attitudes towards online internships. Higher Education, Skills and Work-based Learning, 12(4), 629-644.

Teng, C. W. C., Lim, R. B. T., Chow, D. W. S., Narayanasamy, S., Liow, C. H., & Lee, J. J. M. (2022). Internships before and during COVID-19: experiences and perceptions of undergraduate interns and supervisors. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 12(3), 459-474. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-05-2021-0104

Klein, L. B., & Scott, C. L. (2021). Managing virtual internships during the covid-19 pandemic era: Implications for academic instructors and business leaders. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 21(7), 211-218.

Bilsland, C., Nagy, H., & Smith, P. (2020). Virtual internships and work-integrated learning in hospitality and tourism in a post-COVID-19 world. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 21(4), 425-437.

Gill, R. (2020). Graduate employability skills through online internships and projects during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Australian example. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 11(1), 146-158.

Jeske, D. & Linehan, C. (2020). Mentoring and skill development in e-internships. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 12(2), 245-258.

Theelen, H., Willems, M. C., van den Beemt, A., Conijn, R., & den Brok, P. (2020). Virtual internships in blended environments to prepare preservice teachers for the professional teaching context. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(1), 194-210.

Kraft, C., Jeske, D. and Bayerlein, L. (2019). Seeking diversity? Consider virtual internships. Strategic HR Review, 18(3), 133-137.

Jeske, D., & Axtell, C. M. (2017). Effort and Reward Effects: Appreciation and Self-Rated Performance in e-Internships. Social Sciences, 6(4), 1-14.

Jeske, D. and Axtell, C.M. (2016), How to run successful e-internships: a case for organizational learning. Development and Learning in Organizations, 30(2), 18-21.

Ruggiero, D. & Boehm, J. (2016). Design and development of a learning design virtual internship program. International Review if Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 17(4), 105-120.

Waters, S., & Russell, W. (2016). Virtually Ready? Pre-service teachers’ perceptions of a virtual internship experience. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 1(1), 1-23.

Pike, P. D. (2015). Using a synchronous online teaching internship to develop pedagogical skills and explore teacher identity: A case study. Journal of Music, Technology & Education, 8(3), 227-242.

Bayerlein, L. (2014). Curriculum innovation in undergraduate accounting programmes through “virtual internships.” Education+Training, 57(6), 673-684.

Dotson, K. B., & Bian, H. (2013). Supervision on site: A critical factor in the online facilitated internship. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 14(2), 51-62.

Jeske, D. & Axtell, C. (2013). e-Internships: prevalence, characteristics and role of student perspectives. Internet Research, 24(4), 457-473.

Franks, P. C., & Oliver, G. C. (2012). Experiential learning and international collaboration opportunities: virtual internships. Library Review, 61(4), 272-285.

Ward, L. S., & Killian, P. (2011). Virtual community internships in the classroom: Testing an intervention. Nurse educator, 36(1), 40-44.

Conroy, R., & Khan, R. (2009). Integrating virtual internships into online classrooms. Journal of Commercial Biotechnology, 15(2), 97-112.

Goldsmith, L., & Martin, G. E. (2009). Developing and implementing an effective online educational leadership internship. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 4(1), n1.

Black, G., & Bachman, V. (2007). Virtual internships in the business accounting curriculum: A feasibility study. Journal of Business Administration Online, 6(2), 1-15.